Son of Sangramapida II. Rajatarangini - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core Became queen after the death of all male heirs. How much stuff can you bring on deployment? Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. The author Kalhana was a son of a minister of Harsha of this family. [22] His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;[23][22][24] further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, atleast in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. TranslationsRajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order.There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in the early 19th century, and the first English. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. View all Google Scholar citations In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. , , are the top translations of "puhdas" into Persian. He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Regarding the events of the past, Kalhanas search for material was truly fastidious. In that officials, Abul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. Son of Partha. Son of Vajraditya II and Massa. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Son of Sukhavarman. Rajatarangini belongs. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. Duke University Press publishes approximately one hundred books per year and orders. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. Compared to translations in other languages, Raman Menons craft is remarkable for its lucidity and elegance. Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). Barring a successful invasion of Ladakh, Sikandar did not annex any new territory. The Journal of Asian Studies Son of Aksha. Salhana was deposed and imprisoned. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. section. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. Each issue contains four to five feature articles on topics He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the. He looked up a variety of epigraphic sources relating to royal eulogies, construction of temples, and land grants; he studied coins, monumental remains, family records, and local traditions. Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. But oddly enough, no translation of the work into Malayalam had been attempted all this time until Raman Menon, a scholar and author of numerous books in Malayalam including an extensive commentary of From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. How do people make money on survival on Mars? He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Feature Flags: { magnitude of the journals program within the Press is unique among American [17], Shihabud-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. We have migrated to a new commenting platform. Hiranya died childless. 'Great King')[29] and ruled from 1418 to 1470. [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Translation of " " into Persian . It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. If you do not have an account please register and login to post comments. Subscribe here. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Kalhana relates that Lalitaditya Muktapida invaded the tribes of the north and after defeating the Kambojas, he immediately faced the Tusharas. Who wrote Rajatarangini What does it tell us about? Among the renowned translations of the work in later years were those by Aurel Stein in 1900 and by Ranjit S. Pandit in 1935, the latter with a Foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. Built a great city called Srinagara (near but not same as the modern-day. European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. ): "This [king], who did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers". Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecretations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. Kalhana describes the rules of Toramana and, After the Huna, Meghavahana of the Gonandiya family was brought back from. According to Kalhana, Ashoka reigned before 1182 BCE, and was a member of the dynasty founded by Godhara. Answer. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. During his reign, the Mlechchhas (possibly, According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's predecessor was. Sanskrit works on medicine and music were also translated into Persian at his instance. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Gave lands to Brahmins. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A view of Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab from its yard. (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. in the broad and interdisciplinary area of "theory and history of cultural production," The Loharas ruled for many generations. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBalochRafiq1998 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchimmel1980 (, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00, Baharistan-i-Shahi Chapter 3 EARLY SHAHMIRS, "Buddhism and Islam in Kashmir as Represented by Rjataragi Authors", "This book claims to expose the myths behind Kashmir's history. [9][10][11], According to Wink, Shah Mir may have been an Afghan or a Qaruna Turk, or even a Tibetan. PDF Translating the Past: Rethinking 'Rajatarangini' Narratives in - JSTOR He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Kashmira Kerala paryanthaamganatantrenashasssitam, Rakshayantujanaasarve, ekachhatramimaammaheem (From Kashmir to Kerala extending and governed by democracy, may all the people protect this lands sovereign unity). He also got the Mahabharata and Rajatarangini. Such striking historical details aside, the preeminent fact is that Kalhanas is a literary text of extraordinary merit. In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. Jizya was abolished too in his command. Dethroned by Utpalaka's rival Mamma and the latter's son Yashovarman. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. Corrections? It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. How long is MOT certificate normally valid? Kalhana wrote it was brilliantly prepared for the work. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. What 3 things do you do when you recognize an emergency situation? It is the 25th most populated city in India, located on the banks of River Vaigai. All Rights Reserved 2022 Theme: Promos by. Render date: 2023-03-04T12:29:12.553Z Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Khokhar.[28]. Raman Menon, an erudite scholar in both Sanskrit and Malayalam during his time. Son of Lalitapida and his concubine Jayadevi. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. All rights reserved. The polar ends of the subcontinent that these two regions represent have been lyrically evoked in the familiar poetic description of himavatsethuparyanthaam. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. In Books V and VI the history of the dynasty continues to 1003, when the kingdom of Kashmir passed on to a new dynasty, the Lohara. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). Request Permissions. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. Gonanda was the first king and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity Krishna. Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? - GKToday } His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. Verse 7. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. The young Chippatajayapida was advised by his maternal uncle Utpalaka or Utpala (IV.679). In our own time, the Kashmiri Sanskrit scholar and former diplomat A.N.D. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century.