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2010; Rands et al. Sponsored by: The International Society of Tropical Foresters, The International Forestry Working Group of the Society of American Foresters, and Terraformation, AFRICAN UNION DEVELOPMENT AGENCY-NEPAD Global Primary Forest Loss Remained High. Chen, W.; Yan, Q.; Xu, Z.; He, F.; Li, Y. ; Gabor, T.S. You are accessing a machine-readable page. Yang, Y.C. Careers. Furthermore, the progress of sustainable resource utilization methods, such as ecosystem restoration, construction materials (e.g., materials fill materials, partition blocks, and paving blocks), and agriculture use are reviewed in detail. ; Bong, P. A review on characterization of sediments for green bricks production. The Miyawaki Method: A Better Way to Build Forests? Zhang, T.; Li, T.; Zou, J.; Li, Y.; Cheeseman, C.R. Tel: +27 (0) 11 075 5025 A locked padlock This process takes place over a long period of time, large spatial scales and seeks to achieve multiple (social and ecological) objectives. ; Wang, Y.A. forest Peter Adams / Getty Images. WebCuban music was heavily influenced by the large Spanish and African populations. Here, WRI's forest experts reflect on 10 major changes for forests from the last decade, and what we should expect in 2020 and beyond. ; Qiu, G.L. Yuan, L.; Liu, D.; Tian, B.; Yuan, X.; Bo, S.; Ma, Q.; Wu, W.; Zhao, Z.; Zhang, L.; Keesing, J. Distance to forest did not affect seed rain. Cedar is highly attractive when stained and some varieties, such as white cedar, become increasingly aesthetically pleasing over time. ultrasound-assisted sequential extraction, Ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction. 205-233, Foreign Policy, No. Many restoration projects focus on individual sites, and dont take the surrounding areas or the Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Forest degradation and clearing are major causes of global biodiversity loss (Pereira et al. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Chand, V.; Prasad, S. ICP-OES assessment of heavy metal contamination in tropical marine sediments: A comparative study of two digestion techniques. Despite international efforts, the loss of tropical primary forests persisted over the past decade. MeSH The recovery was 9699%. Bookshelf Tropical Forest Restoration | Project Drawdown Early age hydration and application of blended magnesium potassium phosphate cements for reduced corrosion of reactive metals. Zhou, S.; Zeng, X.; Zhang, P.; Zeng, G.; Wu, Z.; Li, J. Then he weeded and watered and monitored. ; Cordero, M.; Pavn, J.; Torres, A. Fractionation of heavy metals in sediment by using microwave assisted sequential extraction procedure and determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. (land rotation) contributes to sustainability when it eventually ends in forest restoration after 195, No. 8600 Rockville Pike 2023. restoration Floatation is suitable for treating fine-grained matrices, particularly the dredged sediment (best separation in the particle range 2050 m) that most metals exist in as sulfides [, Additionally, chemical agents related to the above techniques may have some drawbacks on sediment. Now they cover less than 6%. methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. 2014 Aug;175(4):1325-35. doi: 10.1007/s00442-014-2986-7. WebThe Healthy Forests Initiative (HFI), officially the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (Pub. Lindquist ES, Krauss KW, Green PT, O'Dowd DJ, Sherman PM, Smith TJ 3rd. ; writingreview and editing, B.W. Rainforest fires are occurring annually in Brazil and parts of the Congo Basin, while places like Borneo in Southeast Asia are engulfed in flames. We can think of the increasing number and intensity of cyclones and Atlantic Hurricanes here, too, he says, as well as their ensuing costs to peoples livelihoods. Email Teko Nhlapho: tekoh@nepad.org ; Dalmacija, B.D. Tropical At regional to country scales, methods have been progressively developed to detect and map forest Nobody denies that our forests are overcrowded. We pride ourselves with our proven youth development programs for young elite players. ; Afridi, H.I. As carbon sinks, rainforests slow climate change by removing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in their trees. Deforestation contributes to climate change, and climate change costs governments. The .gov means its official. Characterization of dredged sediment used in coastal restoration and marsh creation projects. Before Protected areas guard critical habitat for species so that they can thrive in nature, unimpacted by human disturbance. The removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil by a combination of sulfidisation and flotation. The law seeks to accomplish this by allowing timber harvests on In. Tree islands increased zoochorous tree seed rain; seed density and species richness were greater in tree islands than in open pasture, and large islands had greater seed density than smaller islands (Gliricidia only), suggesting that they are more effective for restoration. But there is hope to be found in the goals set forth by the leaders at COP15 and the innovators, guardians, and conservationists of all backgrounds and skillsets who are persevering through the persistent challenges facing biodiversity to understand and protect tropical forests and their abundance of life before the clock runs out. Miyawaki has planted over 40 million trees in this way, in 15 countries, including, especially, his own. ; Morrison, L. Dredged marine sediments stabilized/solidified with cement and GGBS: Factors affecting mechanical behaviour and leachability. Calgaro, L.; Badetti, E.; Bonetto, A.; Contessi, S.; Marcomini, A. This is the result of several factors, including longer fire seasons, drier conditions, insect infestations and increased lightning. Consecutive thermal and wet conditioning treatments of sedimentary stabilized cementitious materials from HPSS, Kearney, S.; Yorkshire, A.S.; Geddes, D.A. Tozzi, F.; Pecchioli, S.; Renella, G.; Melgarejo, P.; Lenzi, A. Remediated marine sediment as growing medium for lettuce production: Assessment of agronomic performance and food safety in a pilot experiment. The role of planting in the restoration of southern pine ecosystems that are underrepresented on the landscape is simple to the point of being rudimentary--when a seed source of the desired species is absent from a stand, planting is the only way to re-establish the desired species in the stand being restored. Sustainable management of tropical rainforests The use of UAV-borne remote sensors, both lidar and HSI, nonetheless presents pros and cons. ; Ebrahimi, A. Microbial Fuel Cell-enhanced electrokinetic process for remediation of chromium from marine sediments. Fire suppression and restrictions on forest management have created forests that are 20 times denser than normal, more in some places. Trends and Health Risks of Dissolved Heavy Metal Pollution in Global River and Lake Water from 1970 to 2017. It is colonialism. These injustices recall the colonialist practices that first stole the land from the local Indigenous people who were, and still are, guardians of the forests and have practiced the best traditional methods for sustainable use and are the most effective stewards of 80% of the planets biodiversity. Along with the Cubans love for music, there is a love for dance as well. Species are being lost at an alarming rate. Ecological Restoration, Vol. Dredged sediment is beneficial when used in coastal/wetlands restoration and marsh creation projects [, Based on the properties of the sediment itself and S/S technology, dredged sediment can be recycled as fill materials, partition blocks, paving blocks, ceramsite, supplementary cementitious materials, ready-mixed concrete, and foamed concrete (, Dredged sediments contain a variety of organic matter (such as lignin oligomers, humic acids, chlorophylls, and carbohydrates) that can amend with soil to improve health [. Pozzolanic materials themselves are not cementitious, but when pozzolanic cement is hydrated, reactive oxides (e.g., SiO, CSA are traditionally composed of yeelimite (major phase), belite, ferrite, ternesite, anhydrite (and/or gypsum), or mayenite [, MC are now receiving attention due to its great performance for solidifying heavy metals, especially for magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) and magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) cement [, Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are prepared by the reaction of an aluminosilicate precursor (e.g., slag, fly ash, hybrid binders) with an alkali activator, including geopolymers [, Thermal processes that use heat to process waste include thermal desorption, incineration, vitrification, and thermoplastic polymer processes [. ; Sung, S. Effects of sulfur dosage on continuous bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediment. Yet some activists still cling to no-action ideologies while others have begrudgingly accepted what they call "appropriate thinning" only around communities. Discover the world's research 20+ million members ; Mccabe, B.A. Castillo, M.; Alonso, E.V. ; Llamas, N.E. In conventional afforestation techniques, 1 meter of growth per year is considered the norm. It maintains a timeless appeal that most other forms of siding attempt to emulate. In the Miyawaki method, trees grow about 10 times faster. 5561-5573, The New Phytologist, Vol. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Moreover, the development of multi-way resource utilization for dredged sediment is conducive to environmental sustainability. Khessaimi, Y.E. Houlihan has witnessed firsthand how quickly financial factors are being placed over future economic benefits, and critical research concurs. In rocks, they occur as minerals in different chemical forms, such as sulfides and oxides [, As heavy metals are transported into the water, most fractions (>90%) are trapped in sediments by adsorption, precipitation, complexation, and chelation reactions [, Traditionally, remediation of metal-contaminated sediments has been achieved through in situ and ex situ treatment [, Sediment washing extracts metals from dredged sediment to the washing solution through high-pressure water jets or adding some chemical washing agents (such as inorganic acid, chelators, and surfactants) (, EKR can be applied both in situ and ex situ, which involves inserting electrodes into a contaminated medium and applying an electric field to move the contaminant towards the electrodes [, Floatation is a possible technique for remediation of dredge sediment, which is obviously affected by the sediment properties (e.g., particle size), bubbles, and extraction agents [, Recently, microwave and ultrasonic-assisted heavy metal extractions have been emerging, which have the advantages of labor-less, time-saving, lower reagents usage, reduced contamination, and enhanced operator safety in comparison with conventional chemical extraction (, Ex situ phytoremediation seems to have strong potential for treatment contaminated sediments. Phytoremediation can achieve good results but the pre-treatment will increase the volume of sediment substrate by about 2030%. Effect of soil washing and liming on bioavailability of heavy metals in acid contaminated soil. Ji, Z.; Pei, Y. Bibliographic and visualized analysis of geopolymer research and its application in heavy metal immobilization: A review. Help us keep publishing stories that provide scholarly context to the news. In a year, his backyard had become a self-sustaining mini forest. Comparison of Different Extraction Approaches for Heavy Metal Partitioning in Sediment Samples. Vareda, J.P.; Valente, J.M.A. 30 Pros & Cons Of Afforestation And Reforestation - E&C The initiative wisely aims to restore entire forests so we can fulfill our obligation to ensure that our children have the same opportunities to enjoy forests, wildlife and wilderness areas that we have had. ; Diamond, A.W. eCollection 2014. For more information, please refer to Macfarlane, G.R. Date: Friday, 5 Aug 2022, 11 am- 2pm EDT, 3-6pm GMT. 2010; Rands et al. ; supervision, B.W. Tropical Conservation Science 4: 287299. WebHere, we evaluated the ability of "tree islands" to serve as "recruitment foci" in a two-year study at three sites in northern Honduras. ; Li, J.S. Due to its abundance, persistence, and environmental toxicity, heavy metal pollution has always been one of the hot spots in the world. Dermont, G.; Bergeron, M.; Mercier, G.; Richer-Laflche, M. Soil washing for metal removal: A review of physical/chemical technologies and field applications. The maximum content of heavy metals were much lower than the respective contamination limits set by US EPA. PMC Demonstrating the influence of sediment source in dredged sediment recovery for brick and tile production. Martinis, E.M.; Berton, P.; Monasterio, R.P. eCollection 2016. van Kuijk M, Anten NP, Oomen RJ, Schieving F. Front Plant Sci. ; Min, G.B. in all areas. Dr. The principles include: 1. 14, No. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. The efficiency does not reach that of the (3 + 1)-step BCR procedure. Perhaps more importantly, Sharma says hes witnessed people in resources-depleted communities change over the years, from assuming land is bad and will stay that way, to now imagining forest. Hes dedicated to making more of that verdant possibility come true, and to bringing back, he says, everything [we can] that has been lost to agriculture, monoculture, cities, lawns. ; Zhou, G.D.; Luo, Y.M. But thinning around homes is not a cure-all -- a hundred-foot wall of flames simply will not lie down at a fuel break or small clearing. ; Corbino, J. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China. Pro and Con on the Healthy Forest Initiative / Bipartisan initiative will save California's forests, Horoscope for Friday, 3/03/23 by Christopher Renstrom, No seriously, dont drive up to Tahoe this weekend, Wife of Jeffrey Vandergrift issues somber update, Snowboarder dies at Tahoe ski resort following historic blizzard, Horoscope for Saturday, 3/04/23 by Christopher Renstrom, The Warriors broke Russell Westbrook, just like old times, Scream publicity stunt floods Bay Area dispatch with 911 calls, Oakland ransomware attackers leak 'confidential' data, Mochi muffin bakery closes SF cafe after just 4 months, Rain reenters Bay Area forecast: Have an umbrella near you, The best fried chicken is at a San Francisco strip club, Your Privacy Choices (Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads). Much headway is being made with longleaf pine restoration, for example, using this model. In situ electrokinetic (EK) remediation of the total and plant available cadmium (Cd) in paddy agricultural soil using low voltage gradients at pilot and full scales. ; Dai, J.G. Welcome , we offer all our clients an individual approach and professional service Yang, Y.; Li, M.; Sun, Y.; Gao, H.; Mao, L.; Zhang, H.; Tao, H.; Chen, M.H. Focus on landscapes. Effects of epoxy resin on ground-granulated blast furnace slag stabilized marine sediments. Lock sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal WebTropical rainforests can be managed in the following ways to reduce deforestation: Logging and replanting - selective logging of mature trees ensures that the rainforest canopy is preserved. ; Alguacil, F.J.; Padilla, I.; Guerrero, A. ; Todaro, F.; Mesto, E.; Schingaro, E.; Notarnicola, M. Recycling contaminated marine sediments as filling materials by pilot scale stabilization/solidification with lime, organoclay and activated carbon. Seed dispersal limitations shift over time in tropical forest restoration. Sophorolipid was the most effective ones with the removal efficiency of 39% (Cu) and 70% (Cd). Negligible toxic metals were leached and only very small amounts of Cu, and Pb could be detected. What are the disadvantages of tropical forests? - Quora Planting it was an odd pursuit, given that Sharma had never been particularly interested or drawn to studies or work involving flora. Donor Privacy Policy Tabak, H.H. Forest landscape restoration: state of play You seem to have javascript disabled. lvarez, S.M. 16-23, Restoration & Management Notes, Vol. Wang, Z.; Li, B.; Sun, Y.; Yang, W. Leaching remediation of dredged marine sediments contaminated with heavy metals. The recovery was from 82% to 103%. Total efficiency of removing Ni is more than 62%. 2010), as at least two-thirds of terrestrial organisms are associated with forests and particularly tropical rainforests, due to their uniquely rich biodiversity (FAO and UNEP 2020; Wilson & Peter 1988).Indeed, the fragmentation of Strikers FC Academy is focused on football development for players in Ghana and across Africa. Furthermore, the environmental impact of these technologies should also be continuously monitored and analyzed. ; validation, Q.X. Forest Gong, X.; Huang, D.; Liu, Y.; Zeng, G.; Chen, S.; Wang, R.; Xu, P.; Cheng, M.; Zhang, C.; Xue, W. Biochar facilitated the phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated sediments: Metal behavior, plant toxicity, and microbial activity. Kim, K.; Nakashita, S.; Yoshimura, K.; Hibino, T. In situ electrochemical remediation of brackish river sediment rich in aromatic organic matter using steel-slag-combined sediment microbial fuel cells. WebSharing the recording of the 3-hour Symposium on Tropical Restoration and Reforestation: Pros and Cons that I co-hosted with Terraformation, the International Society of Tropical ForestersTerraformation, the International Society of Tropical Foresters By allowing some trees, not old growth, to be harvested and used in products we depend on everyday, we can create jobs, revive rural communities and help fund the very process of returning our forests to health and grandeur. A Feature 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0464:tfrtia]2.0.co;2. Ean, L.W. Application of hexagonal two dimensional electrokinetic system on the nickel contaminated sediment and modelling the transport behavior of nickel during electrokinetic treatment. Heavy metals are natural components of the Earths crust. This research was funded by Ministry of Science and Technology, Peoples Republic of China [Grant number 2020YFC1908603], Shanghai Science and Technology Committee [Grant number 21YF1449100, 21230714500], and Tongji University [Grant number 22120210533, 2022-4-YB-11]. There now should be no debate that the threat of catastrophic fire is the most significant environmental challenge facing California's forests and wildlands. Cai, Y.; Gao, H.; Qu, G.; Ning, P.; Hu, Y.; Zou, H.; Ren, N. Research on the efficient water-absorbing ceramsite generated by dredged sediments in Dian Lake-China and coal fly ash. Here, we evaluated the ability of "tree islands" to serve as "recruitment foci" in a two-year study at three sites in northern Honduras. They also house 80 percent of our terrestrial biodiversity, reduce soil erosion, halt desertification, and lessen the impacts of floods. ; Redmon, H.J. Stimulating seedling growth in early stages of secondary forest succession: a modeling approach to guide tree liberation. 111. Heavy metal (Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr) washing from river sediment using biosurfactant rhamnolipid. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb from Sediment, Followed by FAAS and GFAAS Analysis. Would you like email updates of new search results? The forest should unambiguously be saved when measured in a purely economic sense, urges one key study on the economics of the Amazon from 2018. Miyawaki invented this process, and whatever I understood of the methodology I wrote it as a standard operating procedure, so it could be replicated, says Sharma. Much headway is being made with longleaf pine restoration, for example, using this model. Udovic, M.; Lestan, D. EDTA and HCl leaching of calcareous and acidic soils polluted with potentially toxic metals: Remediation efficiency and soil impact. Sun, Y.; Zhang, D.; Tao, H.; Yang, Y.; Chen, M.H. 2014 Mar 4;9(3):e90573. It works like this: the soil of a future forest site is analyzed and then improved, using locally available sustainable amendmentsfor example, rice husks from a nearby mill. Recycling contaminated sediment into eco-friendly paving blocks by a combination of binary cement and carbon dioxide curing. WebAnswer (1 of 2): Tropical forests pretty much provide no advantage to your nation. These are short-term economic gains to cutting down this irreplaceable and incredible natural resource, but its a false economy. Ecol Appl. The river Hornd, Slovakia; a fishpond, Gdll. Yan, T.A. Cedar is highly attractive when stained and some varieties, such as white cedar, become increasingly aesthetically pleasing over time. Solidification/stabilisation of soil contaminated with metal: A review. A critical review of stabilization/solidification technology. Proceedings of the 33rd southern forest tree improvement conference; 2015 June 8-11; Hot Springs, AR. Zhou, Z.; Guo, L.; Minor, E.C. Sediment is an important part of aquatic systems, which plays a vital role in transporting and storing metals. The extraction time was reduced to 7.0 min. Expanding forests could actually provide significant cooling gains against our ticking climate clock. Gardner, L.J. Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects. Deforestation is responsible for an estimated 5 billion tons, or 17 percent, of annual global carbon emissions, not to mention soil erosion and biodiversity loss. ; Malek, M.A. The good news is that its not too late to change the course of history. Conventional, microwave, and ultrasound sequential extractions for the fractionation of metals in sediments within the Petrochemical Industry, Serbia. rainforest Vollenweider, F.X. ; Oyekanmi, A.A.; Hossain, K.; Ismail, N. Mobility of copper and its micro-structure characteristics in contaminated river sediment through stabilization by using cement and rice husk ash. Conducted by economists and agricultural engineers, the research found that the economic benefit of the Amazon Rainforest, if it is conserved, would be $8.2 billion a year. ; Lau, A.Y.T. Gurung, B.; Race, M.; Fabbricino, M.; Kominkova, D.; Libralato, G.; Siciliano, A.; Guida, M. Assessment of metal pollution in the Lambro Creek (Italy). Epub 2014 Jun 28. Aranda, M.A.G. 2 Carbon gain from tropical forest restoration by 2100. ; Ebrahimi, A. Electrokinetic and Sediment Remediation in Microbial Fuel Cell. ; Mohammed, B.S. We groom talented players with the right technical, tactical and mental skills to enable them to compete as professional players at the highest level in football anywhere. Zhang, W.L. Krcmar, D.; Varga, N.; Prica, M.; Cveticanin, L.; Zukovic, M.; Dalmacija, B.; Corba, Z. ; Guo, J. The negotiations culminated in an audacious Global Biodiversity Framework a strategic foundation that outlines the pathway forward to more sustainable, equitable, and successful conservation of biodiversity. Symposium: Tropical Restoration-Reforestation Pros and Cons. lvarez, S.M. ; Wu, J.A. FLR is about returning some trees to a landscape so that they can enhance the overall benefits provided by forests in that landscape to both nature and people. Kovcs, K.; Halsz, G.; Takcs, A.; Heltai, G.; Szles, .; Gyri, Z.; Horvth, M. Study of ultrasound-assisted sequential extraction procedure for potentially toxic element content of soils and sediments. ; Yang, J.S. Martnez-Nicols, J.J.; Legua, P.; Hernndez, F.; Martnez-Font, R.; Giordani, E.; Melgarejo, P. Effect of phytoremediated port sediment as an agricultural medium for pomegranate cultivation: Mobility of contaminants in the plant. ; Chen, G.; Xu, J. Stabilization/solidification and recycling of sediment from Taihu Lake in China: Engineering behavior and environmental impact. Newly planted forests improve land degraded by mining, growing crops, and over-grazing livestock. Removal levels (4.416%) were not as high as expected. Yoo, J.C.; Lee, C.D. A feasibility study. In 2010, Shubhendu Sharma cleared the grass from the 75-square-meter backyard of his family home in the city of Kashipur, in Indias Himalayan Uttarakhand state. Aliyu, M.K. Changes in speciation and leaching behaviors of heavy metals in dredged sediment solidified/stabilized with various materials. ; project administration, B.W. The interfacial chemistry of solidification/stabilization of metals in cement and pozzolanic material systems. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. ; Hyatt, N.C. Yang, X.; Zhao, L.; Haque, M.A. As carbon sinks, rainforests slow climate change by removing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in their trees. Recycling dredged sediment into fill materials, partition blocks, and paving blocks: Technical and economic assessment. Hed come to apply his method to a tract of land around the factory where Sharma worked. and transmitted securely. ; Xu, T.; Wu, Q. Effects of Complexes and pH Buffer Solution in Electrokinetic Oxidation Treatment on Sediments Chromium Removal. ITHAKA. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Horvth, M.; Halsz, G.; Kucanov, E.; Kucikov, B.; Fekete, I.; Remeteiov, D.; Heltai, G.; Flrin, K. Sequential extraction studies on aquatic sediment and biofilm samples for the assessment of heavy metal mobility. ; Prica, M.D. The true challenge is if the willingness to overcome greed and commit to our collective survival is great enough and swift enough to course correct in time. In projects Afforestt has undertaken in India, his company so far managed to use about 336 types of native trees out of 2800 that are known to have existed in the country. Naicker, K.; Mahlambi, P.; Mahlambi, M. Comparison of ultrasonic and microwave assisted digestion methods for the determination of heavy metals in soil and sediment: The effect of seasonal variations on metal concentrations and risk assessment. ; Gamma, A.; Liechti, M.; Huber, T. Cement-Lock. ; Tyrer, M.; Hills, C.D. On the other hand, the decrease in soil loss was lower for riparian restoration, with a 16% decrease, while the steepest slopes restoration reduced it by 21%. ; Ren, C.A. those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). Toxicol. ; Karim, A.K. Anuran call surveys on small wetlands in Prince Edward Island, Canada restored by dredging of sediments. World-leading rainforest conservation expert and EVP of Biodiversity and Conservation at XPRIZE, Peter Houlihan, believes that if we dont act now to protect our rainforests, we will forever face the consequences. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. Disclaimer. Monocultures of trees can also cause harm. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies ; Kk, A. They result in deforestation, reduction in population sizes, forest edge effects, changes in the community structure, and the immigration of exotic species ( Cochrane & Laurance, 2002; Laurance et al., 2012; Turner, 1996 ). ; Carletti, P.; Dobbss, L.B. The goal of this symposium is to present some of Economic benefits of saving the Rainforests - XPRIZE future research directions and describes possible research applications.