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This is an edited extract of the 2022 Mabo Lecture, delivered by Stan Grant on June 3, 2022, to commemorate 30 years since the Mabo decision. Truth. Gail, to your Mum Bonita, to Eddie Junior, Wannee, Bethal, Celuia, Ezra, Mario, Malita, Malcolm, Jessie and to you Gail, can I pay special tribute to for the generosity of you all in giving your husband and Dad to us. Rachel Perkins, director of the new film, says Mabo's is "an iconic story in the tradition of great Australian tales, how a man, his wife and his mates profoundly changed the nation". There will be many words between now and then. Eddie Mabo was a Torres Strait Islander activist. Suggested answer: While working as a grounds keeper at James Cook University in Townsville, Eddie learnt about Australian land ownership laws. The words are carefully chosen to sit alongside each other withjust the right length and the right tone, each one setting up the other and chosen for both meaning and music. Concocted by the early settlers, it was used, systematically, cynically and effectively to deprive the indigenous people of their own land. He was right. Eddie Mabo was heartbroken and never forgave government authorities. He spoke of impermanence: He knew things did not last and yet we do. The preamble to the Native Title Act makes it clear that the objectives of the legislation are to: rectify the consequences of past injustices by the special measures contained in the Act to ensure that Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders receive the full recognition and status within the Australian nation to which history, their prior rights and interests, and their rich and diverse culture, fully entitle them to aspire.[11]. We need to work alongside government to equip ourselves with the knowledge and skills to turn the economic and commercial aspirations into reality. Without this foundation, there would be no opportunity for us to access these rights through this unique form of land tenure. At: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/social_justice_native_title_report_2013.pdf (viewed 5 June 2015), [5] T Calma, Native Title Report 2008, Australian Human Rights Commission (2009), p 46. He is best known for the two court cases that bear his name, Mabo v. Queensland (numbers 1 and 2). What Exactly Is 'Mabo Day' And Why Is June 3 Such An - ELLE Eddie Mabo of Mer island in the Torres Strait spent a decade seeking official recognition of his people's ownership of Mer and on 3 June 1992, the High Court of Australia agreed, rejecting the doctrine that Australia was terra nullius (land belonging to no-one) at the time of European settlement. Tenacity, fearlessness, fearsome, tireless are some of the words that come to mind when the names Rob Riley and Eddie Mabo are mentioned. The Mabo Case | AIATSIS The Mabo decision was handed down on June 3, 1992 in the High Court's grand courtroom in Canberra. Credit: Alex Ellinghausen No wonder Mr Abbott was visibly moved as he thanked "Aunty Gail" for . What is Mabo Day and why is it significant? - ABC News Yindyamarra is respect: It is quiet, it is humble. The High Court is the highest court in Australia's judicial system. Can I also acknowledge all you here today who have come together to work out how we can access our land, seas and waters easier and quicker, but who have also come to talk to each other about how we can make better use of our estates to make life a little better for the rest of our mob out there. It was on 3 June 1992 that the Australian High Court overturned more than 200 years of white domination of land ownership. We all know about the legacy of native title left by Meriam and Murray Islanders Edward Koiki Mabo, David Passi and James Rice. Others, while acknowledging the shortcomings of Mabo's long-term legacy, still regard it as a watershed moment in Australian political, cultural and economic life. At http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/264/hdr_2003_en_complete.pdf (viewed 9 June 2015). Other forms of recognition have been added. As Noel Pearson has recently said in relation to this issue: Were moving from a land rights claim phase to a land rights use phase where people are grappling with how we make our land contribute to our development.[3]. People gathered this week in Townsville, Queensland, to remember a seminal moment in the nation's history, and the efforts of one man to bring it about. Mabo made a speech to the audience where he explained the indigenous customary land inheritance system on Murray Island. Unlike them, however, Mabo wasn't going to accept it. In-text: (Two generations talk about the impact of the 1967 Referendum and the 1992 Mabo Decision, 2019) Your Bibliography: Time Out Sydney. Today in the midst of winter there is still smoke from a campfire, framing a word spelled out on the lawn: Sovereignty. It is a feeling. Justice Blackburn ruled Australia was indeed a "settled colony", that this was"desert and uncultivated". A discussion of Mabo Day (June 3), which commemorates Torres Strait Islander activist Eddie Koiki Mabo and the historic Mabo decision, in which the High Court of Australia acknowledged Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' land rights. 2006 Presentation by Professor Larissa Behrendt. Biography - Edward Koiki (Eddie) Mabo - Indigenous Australia - ANU AAP. Yet, the first colonialists decided, for commercial reasons, to ignore all that and peddle the view that Aboriginal people were primitive, disorganised, culture-less creatures who deserved no rights over land. For significant service to the community as a cultural leader and public sector executive in the field of Indigenous affairs.. And in some cases native title had become a millstone, almost drowning people in a sea of regulation, red tape and process without any semblance of necessary support. His mother died during childbirth and he was raised by his mother's brother, Benny Mabo . But the . [1] It was brought by Eddie Mabo against the State of Queensland and decided on 3 June 1992. Audio file Transcript About this record This is the soundtrack of an address to the nation on 15 November 1993 by the then Prime Minister Paul Keating, explaining the Australian Government's response to the High Court's Mabo decision. [11]Native Title Act 1993 (Cth), preamble. We leave base camp and start our trek across this vast country. Love, suffering, hope, justice and truth Eddie Mabo knew about love too. This Declaration on the Right to Development was adopted by the General Assembly in 1986. And that is the cost to both men and their families. Eddie Mabo and Gerard Brennan overturned the terra nullius policy and changed Australia forever. [1] And that shift is the move to the next emerging challenge; how do we maximise these rights to their full potential, now that we have our native title recognized? I stand here proud to bring a message from my Elders. Words makaratta. Words like han. Watch. the belief that Australia and its islands belonged to no-one when claimed by the British in 1770) in a landmark court . Mabo/The Man/Land Rights Conference B12 of 1982 in the High Court of Australia). Mabo v State of Queensland | State Library of Queensland This our ancestors did, according to the reckoning of our culture, from the Creation, according to the common law from "time immemorial", and according to science more than 60,000 years ago. Uncle Edward 'Koiki' Mabo was born in 1936, in Las on the island of Mer (Murray Island) in the Torres Strait to 'Robert' Zesou Sambo and 'Annie' Poipe, ne Mabo. Can I be indulgent and add a couple of others. This was apartheid in Australia, not South Africa. The issue of compensation goes to the core of the initial intent of addressing the historical dispossession of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples from their lands and waters. Eternal. Yindyamarra winanghanha. In 1959, he moved to mainland Queensland, working on pearling vessels and as a labourer. In his book Why Weren't We Told?, Reynolds describes the talks they had regarding Mabo's people's rights to their lands, on Murray Island, in the Torres Strait. Up to April 2010, 84 native title cases had been dealt with by the courts, and 854,000 sq km (330,000 sq miles) is now covered by native title determinations. Strengthening our relationships over lands, territories and resources: the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Climate change from the perspective of the Torres Strait, Beyond Mabo: Native Title and closing the gap, People, identity and place. . To make agreements. My people are the Gangulu from the Dawson Valley in Central Queensland. British law under a British flag. and in 2008 James Cook University named its Townsville campus library the Eddie Koiki Mabo Library. Edward 'Koiki' Mabo (1936-1992), Torres Strait Islander community leader and land rights campaigner, was born on 29 June 1936 at Las, on Mer, in the Murray group of islands, Queensland, the fourth surviving child of Murray Islands-born parents 'Robert' Zesou Sambo, seaman, and his wife 'Annie' Poipe, ne Mabo. 2017 presentation by Professor Megan Davis, Pro Vice Chancellor Indigenous, University of New South Wales. [10] UN Development Programme, Human Development Index, UN Human Development Report, p237. Across language itself. Some went further, fuelling the hysteria with unsubstantiated claims - Jeff Kennett, then the premier of Victoria, said suburban backyards could be at risk of takeover by Aboriginal people. Volume 3 (146pp). A documentary, Mabo: Life of an Island Man, directed by Trevor Graham, was released in 1997 and received the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Documentary. Despite the fact that the challenge of gaining native title is still a fight that many of us share, there has been a shift in focus now and we have started to see a gradual change in terms of ownership. Importantly, the Roundtable highlighted that despite previous promises around compensation for historical dispossession, this has not yet materialized. [1] J Altman., (2014) Scullion Peddles pipedream reforms, Journal of Indigenous Policy, At: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/JlIndigP/2014/33.pdf (viewed 5 June 2015). He knew about hope and he knew about justice. As Kevin Mason divedin the ocean, a compliance officer waswatching on the cliffs above. In 2014, Australia ranked second after Norway, in the United Nations Human Development Index,[9] a position that would seem to indicate that we all enjoy a quality of life superior to most others in the world. But that's just 11% of Australia's land mass. This link is the basis of the ownership of the soil, or better, of sovereignty., "This is the torment of our powerlessness.". The conference, 'Land Rights and the Future of Australian Race Relations', was sponsored by the Townsville Treaty Committee and the James Cook University's Student Union. A while back I read a business management book by an American, Leon C. Megginson. Eddie Koiki Mabo (c. 29 June 1936 - 21 January 1992 [1]) was an Australian man from the Torres Strait Islands known for his role in campaigning for Indigenous land rights and for his role in a landmark decision of the High Court of Australia which overturned the legal doctrine of terra nullius ("land belonging to nobody") which characterised We acknowledge Aboriginal People and Torres Strait Islander People as the first inhabitants of the nation, and acknowledge Traditional Custodians of the Australian lands where our staff and students live, learn and work. In conversations with Commissioner Wilson and others, we are in the midst of developing what the next step in this process should look like and we will continue to engage with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples such as yourselves in order to do this. I also acknowledge Meriam PBC Chair Mr Doug Passi. For the love of his family and tradition, he fights for his land on Murray Island. The victory was largely down to one indigenous man called Eddie Mabo. Until that day, the legal fiction of terra nullius, the land belonging to no-one, had characterised Australian law and land titles since the voyage of Captain Cook. Keating begins by discussing the moral and legal implications of the decision. Eddie Mabo was a man of courage and principle who fought for the inherent rights of the Meriam people, and ultimately for the rights of all Torres Strait Islanders and Aboriginal peoples. In acknowledging the traditional rights of the Meriam people to their land, the court also held that native title existed for all Indigenous people. Those cases resulted in the acknowledgment that Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples had the right to claim the land they and their ancestors had lived on for thousands of years. We did not end. I have heard many stories from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and Traditional Owners about the many barriers they face in reaching their potential benefits under land rights and native title. The courts had previously found that the Nguraritja had non-exclusive native title over certain parcels of land, but not over those where native title had already been extinguished. Edward Koiki (Eddie) Mabo - Australian Dictionary of Biography Stan Grant is the ABC's international affairs analyst and presents China Tonight on Monday at 9:35pm on ABC TV, and Tuesday at 8pm on the ABC News Channel, anda co-presenter of Q+A on Thursday at 8:30pm. Court cases in the mid-19th century challenged the idea of British settlement at the time the rulings were in favour of the Crown. Two generations talk about the impact of the 1967 Referendum and the 1992 Mabo Decision . Mabo (film) - Wikipedia Rejected at each turn. Hide message. "He became a driven man," says his friend and documentary maker, Trevor Graham. Mabo vs Queensland possible Commonwealth interventions, 1991 (A14039, 7909), The Mabo Decision principles for a response, 1993 (A14217, 1042), Mabo responses to the outline of legislation, 1993 (A14217, 1322), Mabo collection at the National Library of Australia, Building trust in the public record policy, Getting started with information management. It is lament. In 1981, Eddie Mabo delivered a speech at James Cook University in Queensland, where he challenged the widely accepted belief of ownership and inheritance of land on Murray Island. He was a Meriam man and grew up on Mer, part of the Murray Island Group in the Torres Strait. Several cabinet papers from the time of the Mabo decision reflect on its likely ramifications, including: The National Archives of Australia acknowledges the traditional owners and custodians of Country throughout Australia and acknowledges their continuing connection to land, sea and community. On Monday, he laid a wreath on Mr Mabo's grave on Mer Island. The nation remained diminished. Ten years before, Eddie Koiki Mabo and his comrades started the legal battle for the recognition of the Meriam people and the ownership of Mer Island. Eddie Mabo Speech Essay - studyscroll.com However, it also raised equally relevant issues around the many state and local government land taxes and rates that apply once conversion has taken place. Watch all your favourite ABC programs on ABC iview. In 1981, Eddie Mabo made a speech at James Cook University in Queensland, where he explained his people's beliefs about the ownership and inheritance of land on Mer. I honour your Elders that have come before you, those that are here today and I wait in optimistic anticipation for those Elders who are yet to emerge. The tools to guide us with a new conversation with Government around the full realization of our rights in relation to land and native title can be found in the UN Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the Right to Development. There were three key components to this: As you will know, the first two of these three components have been implemented, with varying degrees of success and impact on our communities over the years. However, whilst the right to development is about improvements in economic and material outcomes, it is also about our rights as Indigenous peoples to self-determination and our rights to control our natural wealth and resources. By continuing to use this site, you are giving us consent to do this. In 1994 the Torres Strait Regional Authority (TSRA) was established in response to Read More Alex Murdaugh jailed for life for double murder, Why the disgraced lawyer was spared death penalty, Saving Private Ryan actor Tom Sizemore dies at 61, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, Xi Jinping's power grab - and why it matters, Snow, Fire and Lights: Photos of the Week. In his historic speech at Sydney's Redfern Park, then Prime Minister Paul Keaing said: "By doing away with the bizarre conceit that this continent had no owners prior to the settlement of Europeans, Mabo establishes a fundamental truth and lays the basis for justice." That is, how do we build on the underlying communal title to create options for our economic development? First, they ask me to pass on their greetings and their thanks for allowing me on your lands. However, the social justice package, which was meant to address compensation for the dispossession of land and the dispersal of the Indigenous population remains unfulfilled.[4]. Only land such as vacant crown land, national parks and some leased land, can be subject to claims by the Aboriginal owners. Their hard fought battle against the Queensland government finally consigned the lie of terra nullius to the historical dustbin and recognised the unique rights that we hold as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to our traditional land and waters. Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders in Marine Science, Agriculture Technology and Adoption Centre, Association of Australian University Secretaries, Australian Quantum & Classical Transport Physics Group, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Division of Tropical Environments and Societies, Foundation for Australian Literary Studies, IERC Administration and Centre Operations, Torres Strait Islander Research to Policy & Practice Hub, Meriba buay ngalpan wakaythoemamay (We come together to share our thinking), Knowledge Integration for Torres Strait Sustainability: Sey boey wara goeygil nabi yangukudupa, Office of the Vice Chancellor and President, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, Contextual Science for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, Recognition, national identity and our future. This is our land. Indigenous Education and Research Centre Nor did the judges intend that it should. Eddie Mabo wanted to change the law of Terra Nullius and claim the Aboriginal people as the original owners of the land this would change social and political views of the aboriginal people. Gail Mabo and Prime Minister Tony Abbott during their visit to the grave of Eddie Mabo on Mer Island. Land claim, 1981-1992 In 1981, at a conference on indigenous land rights in Townsville, a decision was made to pursue a native land title claim for the people of the Murray Islands in the High Court of Australia. Transcript of proceedings.in the High Court of Australia between Eddie Mabo, David Passi, James Rice.and the State of Queensland Proceedings for 28-31 May 1991, 3 June 1992, and 8 December 1992. That word is emblazoned still at the Aboriginal Tent Embassy on the lawns of the Old Parliament House in Canberra. These skills will enable us to make better and informed decisions for maximum benefit and I look forward, as I am sure you do, to the release of IBAs investment principles, which they are currently developing in partnership with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and organisations across the country. It was awarded Best Documentary at the Australian Film Institute Awards and the Sydney Film Festival.It also received the Script Writing Award at the New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards. Well, Australia now stands at a moment of history. Following his speech, he was approached by a lawyer, who asked if he'd be interested in taking the Australian Government to court to finally decide who owned the land. Searching for 'Mabo' in RecordSearch brings up many results, including the files below. So today it is indeed an honour for both my people and myself to be presenting this year's Edward Koiki Mabo Lecture. The Castle: Cheat Sheet | Movie News | SBS Movies Typical of such awards, the citations are generally understated and this is particularly so in your case. That is, after 20 years of operation, we finally saw the first time compensation had been awarded for the extinguishment of native title rights and interests under the Native Title Act. That permission was denied. This was our land. The theme of this years conference is Leadership, Legacy and Opportunity. I am sure that these issues will resonate with many of you here today. More information. [7] OHCHR Website, Essays in Commemoration of 25 years of the United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development. Importantly, development is also a process through which other human rights can be realized and our wellbeing alongside all other populations is maximised. This is our land. Speech to the Native Title Conference celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Mabo High Court decision 6 June 2012. . You can find it still, somewhere buried in the archives of ABC News. He knew about hope and he knew about justice. Six facts you need to know about Mabo Day - Life Without Barriers This effectively overturned the doctrine of terra nullius, which held that Australia didn't belong to anybody before European colonisation. Commemorating Mabo Day - Reconciliation Australia And in 1981, Eddie was invited by the same university to make a speech about Mer's land inheritance system. Mabo's credibility as the primary witness for the case was savaged . Text 1936 At: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-1-human-development-index-and-its-components#a (viewed 9 June 2015). He would later describe his time on the island as 'the best time of my life'1. Born in 1936, he grew up in the village of Las on the north bend of Mer Island. Vincent Lingiari and men and women of the Gurindji people. The case presented by Eddie Mabo and the people of Mer successfully proved that Meriam custom and laws are fundamental to their traditional system of ownership and underpin their traditional rights and obligations in relation to land. The court dismissed his challenge to Australian sovereignty, but in his opinion Justice Lionel Murphy rattled the bones of the Australian settlement. " Mabo v Queensland (No 1) was heard in 1986and 1988. I have previously spoken at length about the importance of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which contains 46 articles on the rights that Indigenous peoples all around the world hold. In some ways our systems of governance is a defining feature of the oldest living culture on this planet. Two words showed something was wrong with the system, After centuries of Murdaugh rule in the Deep South, the family's power ends with a life sentence for murder, Flooding in southern Malaysia forces 40,000 people to flee homes, When Daniel picked up a dropped box on a busy road, he had no idea it would lead to the 'best present ever', Plans to redevelop 'eyesore' on prime riverside land fall apart as billionaires exit, Labor's pledge for mega koala park in south-west Sydney welcomed by conservation groups, Tom Sizemore, Saving Private Ryan actor, dies aged 61. 5. Our News As a nation, this is an improvement from fourth position just over ten years ago in 2003.[10]. This landmark decision led to the Australian Government introducing native title . Mabo | Film Analysis, Summary, Themes & Characters On 3 June 1992, the High Court of Australia ruled in favour of limited native title. It commemoratesEdward (Eddie) Koiki Mabo (1936-1992), a Torres Strait Islander whose campaign for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander land rights led to a landmark decision in the High Court of Australia on 3rd June 1992 that overturned the legal fiction of terra nullius, which had characterised Australian law with respect to land and title since the voyage of Captain James Cook in 1770. It is short for Mabo and others v Queensland (No 2) (1992). active, free and meaningful participation in development; self-determination and full sovereignty over natural wealth and resources. Older articles are being reviewed with a view to bringing them into line with contemporary values but the original text will remain available for historical context. However, contemporary Indigenous governance needs recognises that we must now adjust our customary ways of governing to meet the expectations and regulations of non-indigenous laws and institutions. (2014 lecture transcript), 2013 Presentation by Dr Bryan Keon-Cohen QC. About 800 kilometers north of Cairns sits the small remote community of Mer (Murray) Island in the crystal blue waters of the Torres Strait. Unfortunately, the right to development is not a concept often thought about in relation to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as members of a developed country. This often presents internal issues for traditional owner groups about how decisions are made and how benefits will be shared and responsibilities exercised. Eddie's daughter, Gail Mabo remembers that day well. I have been honoured in the last six weeks by being asked to deliver both the Eddie Koiki Mabo Lecture here today and the Rob Riley Memorial Lecture on Friday the 8th of May in Perth.